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Norfolk (Virginia) , independent city in southeastern Virginia, located at the mouth of the James, Elizabeth, and Nansemond rivers. Situated on the natural waterway called Hampton Roads, the city is near the outlet of Chesapeake Bay on the Atlantic Ocean. Mile Zero of the Atlantic portion of the scenic Intracoastal Waterway is located on Norfolk’s harbor. The city is linked to the Delmarva Peninsula by the 28-km (17-mi) long Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, which opened in 1964. With the cities of Hampton, Newport News, and Portsmouth, to which it is linked by bridge, tunnel, and ferry services, Norfolk forms the Port of Hampton Roads, one of the principal commercial ports in the United States. Norfolk is a major seaport and an important military center, having one of the world’s largest concentrations of naval installations. An Armed Forces Staff College and the Atlantic headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) are also located in the city. The Norf...

Pitcairn Island , island in the central South Pacific Ocean, about midway between Australia and South America. It covers an area of 5 sq km (2 sq mi) and is the main island of a group of islands forming a dependency of the United Kingdom. This group also includes the uninhabited Henderson, Ducie, and Oeno islands and has a total area of 36 sq km (14 sq mi). Pitcairn Island is of volcanic origin and is characterized by steep basaltic cliffs that rise abruptly from the sea. The island has fertile soil but no streams. Oranges and bananas and other crops are grown in the subtropical climate. Adamstown, the only village on the island, is on the northern coast, near Bounty Bay. Archaeological evidence indicates that Polynesians may have lived on Pitcairn Island between the 12th century and the 15th century. The island was rediscovered in 1767 by British naval officer, Philip Carteret, and named for the sailor who first sighted it. The island was uninhabited in 1790, when ...